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Ern Malley
Ernest Lalor "Ern" Malley was a fictitious poet and the central figure in Australia's most celebrated literary hoax. He and his entire body of work were created in one day in 1943 by writers James McAuley and Harold Stewart in order to hoax Max Harris and ''Angry Penguins'', the modernist magazine Harris had founded and edited,〔(James McAuley at the ''Australian Dictionary of Biography Online'' )〕 and now co-edited with John Reed of Heide.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher = aCOMMENT )〕
In the decades after their publication, the hoax had a negative effect on the cause of modernist poetry in Australia. Since the 1970s, however, the Ern Malley poems, though known to be a hoax, became celebrated as a successful example of surrealist poetry in their own right, lauded by poets and critics such as John Ashbery and Robert Hughes.
==Background==
James McAuley and Harold Stewart were both, in 1944, in the Army Directorate of Research and Civil Affairs. Before the war they had been part of Sydney's Bohemian arts world. McAuley had acted and sung in left-wing revues at Sydney University. Both preferred early Modernism to its later forms. McAuley, for example, claimed that T.S. Eliot's ''Love Song Of J Alfred Prufrock'' (1917) was genius, but the subsequent ''Waste Land'' (1922), regarded by many as Eliot's finest achievement, was an incoherent mess. Both men lamented "the loss of meaning and craftsmanship" in poetry. They particularly despised the well-funded modernist poetry magazine ''Angry Penguins'' and were resentful of the precocious success of Max Harris, the magazine's founder and editor.
Harris was a 22-year-old ''avant-garde'' poet and critic in Adelaide, who in 1940, at the age of 18, had started ''Angry Penguins''.
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